-- card: 6743 from stack: in.STK -- bmap block id: 6914 -- flags: 0000 -- background id: 2575 -- name: ----- HyperTalk script ----- on openCard show card field 1 hide card field 2 hide card field 3 hide card field 4 set scroll of card field 1 to zero set scroll of card field 2 to zero set scroll of card field 3 to zero set scroll of card field 4 to zero end openCard -- part 2 (field) -- low flags: 80 -- high flags: 0007 -- rect: left=30 top=56 right=251 bottom=290 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0 -- text alignment: 0 -- font id: 22 -- text size: 10 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 13 -- part name: -- part 3 (button) -- low flags: 00 -- high flags: A004 -- rect: left=30 top=254 right=303 bottom=69 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 14953 / 14953 -- text alignment: 1 -- font id: 0 -- text size: 12 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 16 -- part name: Return ----- HyperTalk script ----- on mouseUp visual effect dissolve go to card id 5605 end mouseUp -- part 4 (button) -- low flags: 00 -- high flags: A004 -- rect: left=74 top=254 right=303 bottom=116 -- title width / last selected line: 65535 -- icon id / first selected line: -15744 / 49792 -- text alignment: 1 -- font id: 0 -- text size: 12 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 16 -- part name: Quit ----- HyperTalk script ----- on mouseUp doMenu "Quit Hypercard" end mouseUp -- part 6 (button) -- low flags: 00 -- high flags: A004 -- rect: left=183 top=255 right=303 bottom=230 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 1015 / 1015 -- text alignment: 1 -- font id: 0 -- text size: 12 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 16 -- part name: Irritants ----- HyperTalk script ----- on mouseUp hide card field 1 show card field 2 hide card field 3 hide card field 4 set scroll of card field 2 to zero end mouseUp -- part 7 (button) -- low flags: 00 -- high flags: A004 -- rect: left=120 top=255 right=303 bottom=176 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 1015 / 1015 -- text alignment: 1 -- font id: 0 -- text size: 12 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 16 -- part name: Aphyxiants ----- HyperTalk script ----- on mouseUp hide card field 1 hide card field 2 show card field 3 hide card field 4 set scroll of card field 3 to zero end mouseUp -- part 8 (button) -- low flags: 00 -- high flags: A004 -- rect: left=236 top=255 right=303 bottom=283 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 1015 / 1015 -- text alignment: 1 -- font id: 0 -- text size: 12 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 16 -- part name: Poisons ----- HyperTalk script ----- on mouseUp show card field 4 hide card field 1 hide card field 2 hide card field 3 set scroll of card field 4 to zero end mouseUp -- part 14 (field) -- low flags: 80 -- high flags: 0007 -- rect: left=30 top=56 right=251 bottom=290 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0 -- text alignment: 0 -- font id: 22 -- text size: 10 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 13 -- part name: -- part 15 (field) -- low flags: 80 -- high flags: 0007 -- rect: left=30 top=56 right=251 bottom=290 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0 -- text alignment: 0 -- font id: 22 -- text size: 10 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 13 -- part name: -- part 16 (field) -- low flags: 00 -- high flags: 0007 -- rect: left=30 top=56 right=251 bottom=290 -- title width / last selected line: 0 -- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0 -- text alignment: 0 -- font id: 22 -- text size: 10 -- style flags: 0 -- line height: 13 -- part name: -- part contents for card part 2 ----- text ----- It is here in the aviolar sacs that oxygen is exhanged with the bloodstream for carbon dioxide. Other chemical substances can also enter the bloodstream producing a variety of physiological effects. There are three basic categories of physiological effects, irritants, aphyxiants, and poisons. Choose the appropriate buttons to explore these effects further. -- part contents for card part 14 ----- text ----- Irritants- Substances which cause a corrosive inflammatory reaction in moist membranes. Especially in the eyes, skin and repiratory tract. Often pulmonary edema(a filling of the lungs with fluid) can result from exposure to irritants. The aviolar capillaries pour out fluid in an attempt to replace lost moisture. There are UPPER,LOWER and WHOLE repsiratory irritants. Upper irritants are very water soluble and affect the nose, mouth and throat. Lower irritants affect the far reaches of the lungs and are less water soluble. OFTEN THERE IS NO SIGINIFICANT WARNING PROPERTY OF A CHEMICAL TO AVOID OVEREXPOSURE. Some examples of irritants- UPPER- Ammonia, Sulfer Dioxide LOWER- Nitrogen Dioxide, Acrolein WHOLE- Chlorine -- part contents for card part 15 ----- text ----- Aphyxiants- Aphyxiation is the primary cause of accidental injury and death in confined space entry. Aphyxiants prevent the body from recieving an adequate supply of oxygen causing Anoxia( a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues). There are two type of aphyxiants-Simple and Chemical Simple aphyxiants produce no direct physiological effect, but at high concentrations simply exclude oxygen from the atmosphere being inhaled. NITROGEN,CARBON DIOXIDE,HELIUM, AND HYDROGEN are examples of simple aphyxiants. WARNING SIGNS or anoxia are as follows: headaches, fatigue, increased heart rate, increased respriatory rate and mild euphoria. A minimum oxygen concentration in air of 19.5% is desirable for safe confined space entry. Before entering a confined space, it is required to monitor oxygen concentrations with a calibrated and functioning oxygen analyzer to ensure that oxygen is present above 19.5%. Chemical Aphyxiants can cause anoxia even if sufficient oxygen is present. Carbon monoxide will bind to the bloods hemoglobin about 200 times more readily than oxygen. So at low concentrations of 100 ppm or greater Carbon monoxide can be considered dangerous. It excudes oxygen by preferential attachment to the blood. Other chemicals such as aniline or nitrobenzene will cause oxygen to bind tightly to the blood and inhibit its release to the blood stream. -- part contents for card part 16 ----- text ----- Systemic Poisons- Systemic Poisons affect organ tissues and systems within the body. A typical systemic poison may affect one or more of the following systems as an example: Central Nervous System Liver Kidneys Other systems may also be affected. Central nervous system depressants are substances which impair transmission of nerve impulses. Examples are Isoproyl Alcohol, Acetone, and Carbon disulfide Hydrocarbons exhibit this tendancy more than other classes of chemicals. The liver can be considered the detoxification center of the body. Most toxins, heavy metals, organic poisons such as carbon tetrachloride are retained in the liver and can produce chronic damage because the liver has no means of destroying these materials.